Aim of study is to investigate the possible effect of Bosentan as anti-hyperlipidemic agent in mice. The. Thirty-two male albino mice were fed a high cholesterol diet for 28 days to construct hyperlipidemic models. The anti-hyperlipidemic activity Bosentan against hyperlipidemia induced was evaluated in mice. Atorvastatin was used as a standard. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were measured. Compared with normal mice, hyperlipidemic mice possessed significantly higher lipid and liver enzymes profile outcomes. After treatment Bosentan, lipid levels and liver enzymatic activities in hyperlipidemic mice significantly decreased. Besides that, Bosentan treated group showed significant improvement in levels of tissue MDA and GPx in hyperlipidemic mice.

Background: Total knee arthroplasty is a successful procedure for relieving pain and restoring function in cases with severe rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Local infiltration analgesia is becoming more commonly used owing to the excellent pain relief, the low frequency of complications, and the antiinflammatory effect. Aim of study: To evaluate the efficacy of local infiltrative analgesia when it’s use in total knee arthroplasty patients for decrease the pain score and increase range of motion in early post-operative rehabilitation. Methods: During the period from October 2016 to September 2018, a comparative prospective study was applied for 36 patients in Medical City, Hospital of Specialized Surgeries and Private Nursing Home Hospital. All patients were indicated for primary total knee arthroplasty which is done by the same surgical team and then followed-up to November 2018. They were divided into two groups, Group A included 16 patients managed with local infiltrative analgesia, while group B included 20 patients managed without local infiltrative analgesia. Patients with a history of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism or on longterm warfarin therapy, undergoing revision procedure, with a history of allergy or intolerance to 1 of the study drugs, with rheumatoid arthritis, and abnormal liver enzymes were excluded from this study. Assessment of clinical function was based on the range of motion score, straight leg raise pre and postoperatively, and VAS score scale postoperatively during rest and during movement.  Results: In group A, means of ROM score one day and two days postoperatively were decreased than that before operation (105.12 versus 89.37, P= 0.001 and 105.12 versus 87.37, P= 0.001 respectively). In group B, means of this score one day and two days postoperatively were decreased than that before operation (105.75 versus 88.50, P=0.001 and 105.75 versus 82.75, P= 0.001 respectively). During rest, means of VAS score four hours, 12 hours, one day, and two days after operation were significantly decreased in patients managed with LIA (group A) compared to means of patients in group B. (2.70 versus 1.87, P= 0.016; 3.45 versus 2.25, P=0.003; 3.90 versus 3.12, P=0.026; and 4.50 versus 3.50, P=0.002 respectively). During movement, statistically insignificant differences in means of VAS score between study groups four hours, 12 hours, and two days after operation (P= 0.258, 0.057, and 0.284 respectively). While mean of this score one day postoperatively was decreased in patients of group A compared to that in patients of group B and this difference in means was statistically significant (P=0.016).  Conclusion: Local infiltration analgesia effectively reduces pain scores during rest and movement also reduces hospital stay in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, and better physiotherapy outcome.