1-dimensional zinc oxide (ZnO) - silver oxide (Ag2O) – silver (Ag) nanowire was prepared using a simple and inexpensive bottom-up chemical method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the presence of diffraction peaks of ZnO and Ag2O with hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) results showed the presence of energy peaks of Zinc (Zn), Silver (Ag), and Oxygen (O) elements. Filed Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) results showed that the surface morphology is nanowire (1-dimensional structure) with shapes similar to hedgehog spines and have small nanoscale diameters. The present work represents a promising step in the preparation of a 1-dimensional nanowire.

We fabricated a superhydrophobic modified ZnO/PVC nanocomposite cluster with antibacterial properties using the chemical precipitation method and selected solvent/non-solvent (THF/ethanol) to PVC. The effects of ethanol content (47%, 50%, 53%, and 56%) on nanocomposite morphology and Water Contact Angles (WCAs) were investigated. XRD measurements confirmed the polycrystalline structure of ZnO with a wurtzite hexagonal phase, and EDX results indicated the presence of all element peaks. FESEM analysis of specimens revealed a rough surface structure resembling a cluster of NPs, and that structure was dominant when the ethanol content increased to 56%. The WCA increased on the superhydrophobic nanocomposite as ethanol content increased, and an optimum WCA (160° ± 2°) was obtained at an ethanol content of 56%. Antibacterial activity was tested on the superhydrophobic and hydrophobic states, and the superhydrophobic specimens showed good inhibition against Klebsiella spp. and Staphylococcus epidermidis. However, the hydrophobic specimens demonstrated no antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis. These promising results can inform the development of nanocomposites for many environmental applications.

Combining photocatalytic and superhydrophobicity characteristics on the same surface remains a challenge. In this work it was overcome that challenge by fabricated Ag/Fe2O3/ZnO heterostructure surfaces via using a simple precipitation method; stearic acid (SA) was then employed to improve the roughness and increase the water contact angles (WCA) of the surfaces. The effects of SA and Ag/Fe2O3 on superhydrophobicity and photocatalytic characteristics were investigated. The wettability measurements confirmed that the WCA of the surfaces increased from 60 ± 2° to 154 ± 2° after modification with SA due to the formation of a hierarchical structure. To evaluate the photocatalytic performance of samples, methylene blue (MB) dye was irradiated under visible light with quick photodecomposition of MB after 80 min of irradiation. Finally, this innovative approach can be utilized to develop scaled-up self-cleaning applications.

A facile approach was developed to construct Fe2O3-modified ZnO micro/nanostructures with excellent superhydrophobicity and photocatalytic activities. The effects of stearic acid (SA) and Fe2O3 on the morphological characteristics, water contact angle (WCA), and photocatalytic degradation were investigated. Superhydrophobicity results showed that WCA increased from 144° ± 2° to 154° ± 2° when the weight of SA increased from 5 to 20 mg because of the formation of a hierarchical or rough structure. Furthermore, Fe2O3-modified ZnO micro/nanostructure surfaces before and after SA treatment (20 mg) were chosen to evaluate the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under the support of visible light. MB degraded after 80 min of irradiation, and its photodegradation efficiencies were 91.5% at the superhydrophobic state and 92% at the hydrophilic state. This improvement in photocatalytic activity at both states might be attributed to an increase in surface area and improvement in charge carrier separation.

In this work, iron oxide "gamma phase" (γ-Fe2O3)-silver oxide (Ag2O) nanocomposite is prepared by a double hydrothermal method combined with Punicaceae plant extract as reducing agents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the presence of γ-Fe2O3 and Ag2O and delafossite silver ferrite (AgFeO2) phases. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEMEDS) results revealed nanoparticles (NPs) with a shape like a cauliflower plant. Furthermore, the anti-bacterial activity results presented high inhibition rates against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The present study exhibits a new approach to the preparation of metal oxides using a facile and inexpensive method.

This work presents a new methodology for preparing silver chloride nanoparticles (AgCl NPs) using human urine. The XRD and EDS results confirmed the formation of AgCl NPs without any other impurities. The FESEM results displayed the formation of clusters of spherical AgCl NPs with multiple Nano-diameters. The study of optical properties corresponds to the behavior of AgCl NPs in the visible region. The results showed that the sample has an energy gap of (Eg) 3.25 eV. Therefore, the author suggests that the results of the current work open a broad horizon for the employment of human urine in various applications.

In this study, undoped zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag) doped ZnO micro/nanostructures were successfully synthesized for photodegradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye under visible-light. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm appeared of the Ag phase and polycrystalline structure of ZnO with a wurtzite hexagonal phase growth in 101 direction. The energy dispersive spectra (EDX) study confirms homogeneity and purity of specimens. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results exhibited agglomeration of irregularly shaped nanoparticles (NPs), decreasing with increasing Ag doped concentration. UV–visible spectra revealed that the Ag leads to shifting in ZnO spectra and increased absorptance in a visible-light region. The photocatalytic result showed significantly enhanced with photodegradation activity 92.2%, 93.1%, 95.08%, and 96.7% for doped specimens, respectively, as compared to 73.8% for an undoped specimen. The enhance of photocatalytic performance may be attributed to increasing the aspect ratio of specimens, improve separation of charge carriers, surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) and high electron photogenerated efficiency

In the present paper, we employed a co-precipitation method and the modification by stearic acid (SA) to fabrication of silver-(Ag) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure surfaces with both superhydrophobicity and photocatalytic properties. The effects of Ag-doped and SA weight on the structure, morphology, water contact angle (WCA), and photodegradation were investigated. The results of surfaces wettability showed that the WCA increased from 146 ± 2° to 156 ± 2° when the weight of SA increased from 5 to 20 mg due to formation of hierarchical or rough structure. To evaluate the photodegradation of Methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation the specimens before and after treatment with SA (20 mg) were chosen. The results showed rapid photodegradation of MB after 80 min irradiation with degradation efficiency 93% for superhydrophobic state and 96% for the hydrophilic state. This work suggests an effective approach in water treatment application.

A systematic study to fabricate doped Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanostructure with different concentrations of iron oxide (Fe2O3) using a low-cost co-precipitation method. The effects of doped concentrations 1%M, 3%M, 6%M and 9% M were determined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirm the polycrystalline structure of ZnO with a wurtzite hexagonal phase, and obvious peaks of Fe2O3. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results showed agglomeration of nanoparticles (NPs) with individual nanorod and separate spherical NPs. The energy dispersive spectra (EDX) confirm the homogeneity and purity of the nanostructure and presence of Zinc (Zn), Carbon (C), Oxygen (O2) and Fe2O3 elements. The degradation of methyl blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation was evaluated, and results showed significantly enhanced with degradation percentages 80.6, 83.8, 85.5 and 92% for doped ZnO, respectively, as compared to 73.8% for undoped ZnO. The improved photocatalytic activity attributed to increase in the aspect ratio of doped ZnO at Nanoscale, and defects in a structure. This work suggests that the prepared Fe2O3-doped ZnO NPs are attractive photocatalysts for the degradation of toxic organic waste in the water, which cause a difficult threat to the environment.

 this study, undoped ZnO and AgFe2O3-doped ZnO nanostructures were successfully fabricated for photodegradation of Methyl Blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation. XRD patterns confirm appeared of AgFe2O3 phases and polycrystalline structure of ZnO with a wurtzite hexagonal phase. EDX spectra compatible with XRD results and confirm appeared peaks energy of Ag, Fe2O3, ZnO elements. FESEM results showed agglomeration of irregularly shaped nanoparticles (NPs), decreasing with increasing doped concentration which leads to appearing of Nanorod, Nanosheet, and cluster of small NPs. UV-Visible spectra revealed Ag and Fe2O3 doped leads to  shift in ZnO spectra band and increased absorption in a visible light region. The photocatalytic activity showed significantly enhanced with degradation percentages 96.6%, 95.1%, 92.6%, and 92.7% for doped ZnO, as compared to 73.8% for undoped ZnO. This marked enhanced in photocatalytic activity attribute to increased hydrophilicity, surface area which can improve separation of charge carriers, and photogenerated efficiency.

A superhydrophobic and antibacterial surface on a glass substrate was fabricated by One-step phase separation method using the polycarbonate polymer and solvent on-solvent. The resulting surfaces showed a static water contact angle (CA) of 154 and excellent inhibition percentage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. FESEM showed that the surface structure comprised branches or petals outside the" plant seabed's" formation, in addition to related AgNps and Ag with a rough structure. In order to test the stability, bacteria suspensions were poured above the surface and allowed to settle on top of the surface for several minutes, then, an Anti-adhesive effect of colonies bacteria evaluated with a very small percentage of bacteria adhesive on surfaces. This preparation method is advantageous as it does not require complicated or high-cost materials and is environmentally friendly and highly efficient.

A novel approach to fabricating a stable superhydrophobic PC using a phase separation method and selecting a solvent/non-solvent without requiring any surface chemical modification and high chemical stability was proposed in this paper. A systematic study of the dependence of surface morphology on the acetone/DMF solvent mixture treatment was conducted. Resulting surfaces demonstrated that the water CA of the superhydrophobic PC surface was 160±2°. FESEM showed that the surface structure comprised branches or petals outside the ‘plant seabeds’, which have microflowers that offer nanoscaled roughness on the surface with a hierarchical micro-/nano-binary formation. All samples were maintained at 10–40°C in ambient atmosphere for 5 h to 4 months to test the stability of the surface. The CAs were measured for each condition with very little change observed. In addition, the PC surface remained superhydrophobic without any contamination after water was sprayed on it.

A novel approach to fabricate a stable polycarbonate (PC) surface with superhydrophobicity and antibacterial properties obtained by use the phase separation and solvent/non-solvent selected method without any use to surface chemical modification materials, with high chemical stability. At the same time a systematic study of dependence surface morphology on the acetone/DMF solvent mixture treatment. In medical devices, the bacterial attachment onto the surface of polymers such as a PC is influenced by the physicochemical properties of the polymers, including surface roughness and hydrophobicity. The resulting surfaces demonstrated that the water CA of the PC surface was 154 ± 2° with excellent inhibition percentage of two bacteria. FESEM showed that the surface structure comprised branches or petals outside the ‘plant seabeds’ with a hierarchical micro-/nano-binary formation, in addition to related AgNps with a rough surface. In order to test the stability and properties of the PC surfaces, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii suspensions in ‘Amide Organic’ was poured above the surface and allowed to settle on top of the surface for several minutes, then, the Anti-adhesive effect of colonies bacteria was evaluated and the results showed the very small percentage of bacteria was adhesive on surfaces.

A stable superhydrophobic PC surface was obtained by a simple phase separation method at room temperature. The water contact angle of the superhydrophobic PC surface is 156±2. FESEM image exhibited that the PC surface composed of flower-like shaped linked together centrally with branches offered roughness on the surface with a hierarchical micro/nano-binary formation. When the PC superhydrophobic surface was immersed in water with the temperatures ranging from 5 C to 45 C for 1 h to 15 days, the water contact angle remained higher than 150

This article focused on the OES (optical emission spectra) for silver (Ag) plasma by the stimulate of laser breakdown spectroscopy process. The intensities of emission line also parameters for plasma were measured in order to detect the specific relation of laser pulse energies. Density number of electron (ne), as well temperature (Te) have been calculated by Blotzmann polt process either by McWhirter criterion. Measured values of (ne) and (Te) are in the range of (6064 to 4507K) and (ne) is (2.3x1017 to 3.7x1017 cm-3) at the fundamental wavelength (1064nm), and for case of (Ag- bulk) the value of electron temperature was (6564, 5228 to 4507 K) The number of electron density (9.36x1016 to 1.19x1017cm-3). The common trends of the results are the temperature of electron (Te) leads to increase precipitously due to the increase of laser pulse energy. Since, as the energy increases the electrons density increases.

In this study, a low-cost method was used to make an Ag2CO3/AgCl/Cu2O heterostructure from a plant extract of Cissus rhombifolia leaves and a lot of sodium carbonate and chloride from drinking water. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) measurements confirm the presence of chlorides and carbonates in the as-prepared sample. The optical analysis outcomes show a high absorption capacity in the visible range with an optical energy gap of 2.55 eV. The anti-bacterial activity results of the as-prepared sample showed a significant inhibition effect against Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) bacteria. The author suggests that the current study opens a great horizon for employing mineral salts in drinking water and plant extracts in the fabrication of nanomaterials.

The work presents an innovative methodology for the fabrication of zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-flowers by utilizing a chemical method and an organic agent Dimethylformamide (DMF). The XRD results confirm high crystallinity and the presence of all the ZnO diffraction peaks, and 98% agreement with the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD) of XRD data. The results of the scanning electron microscope (FESEM) indicate the presence of nanostructures of flowers with nano-branches that are organized in size and shape. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) results in a match with the XRD results and did not show the presence of any impurities in the sample crystallization. Optical measurements confirm the ZnO has an optical energy gap of 3.37 eV with notable absorbance in the visible and ultraviolet regions. The results of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus bacteria confirm that the ZnO nanoflowers have high inhibition zones in all bacteria due to its the unique surface characteristics.

In this work, first, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs and Cu₂ONPs) were manufactured using both hydrothermal and plant extracts methods for evaluating antibacterial activity of samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirm appeared the structure of CuONPs and Cu₂ONPs with their phases. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) measurements of CuONPs that prepared by Senna exhibited NPs assembled in semi-spherical like-shape, and after used Onion plants extract to prepared CuONPs the results showed the most of the particles are nanosheets, but after used Ziziphus Spina-Christi plants extract to prepared Cu₂ONPs the results showed a cluster of NPs consists of very small NPs. Secondly, preparation a stable NPs/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocoating with antibacterial activity, and the result shows a good inhibition percentage for NPs/PVA nanocoating against Klebsiella …