Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women during their reproductive
age. This study was design to establish the relationship between this syndrome and follicle stimulating
hormone receptor defect by determination of lethal single nucleotide polymorphism that may play a
vital role in this syndrome. A total number of 500 women attending Kamal Al- Samarrai Hospital diagnosed
with PCOS were selected and divided according to their age into group one which includes (20–
30) years old women, group two included (31–40) years old women, and group three which included
(41–50) years old women. Fertility hormones (FSH, LH, and testosterone) were tested for all groups.
Results showed that LH increased significantly in groups three with low FSH, whereas testosterone
increased significantly in age group two. Molecular analysis of whole FSHR gene amplified using specific
primers showed the presence two SNPs rs6166, and rs6165 which are associated with drug response and
9 lethal missense mutation that caused sever effect on FSHR, that probably render this receptor more sensitive
to FSH without the possibility of feed back inhibition.

ABSTRACT 

The aim of the study is to determine changes in several trace elements in erythrocytes such as cobalt, chromium,
manganese, molybdenum and phosphorous in a chosen group within the students in Al-Esraa University College and the
outcome of the study showed that a physical training everyday (may) motivate some variables in the concentration of some trace
elements.

The silent killer or ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the major causes of cancer deaths among women in the
modern age. In view of the therapeutic roles of platinum based chemotherapy among the ovarian cancer
patients, objective of this report was to assess the effects of the first round of chemotherapy among women
with ovarian cancer. Here, the levels of the pleural markers for cancer bio markers, before and after the
chemotherapy were tested among ovarian cancer patients. The biochemical indices may be of use in
deciphering the relation between cancer relapse and platinum retrieval. The pleural analyses pre and post
platinum chemotherapy session demonstrated wide range of biochemical and protein marker changes among
ovarian cancer patients. The various cancer antigens were variedly reduced post chemotherapy. Hence, it is
proposed that biochemical markers in pleural liquid may serve as better indicators and early diagnostic tools
for ovarian cancer.

Subject: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is female disorder caused by cysts formation in ovarian that results disorder of hormones secretion and menstrual cycle. Neuregulin 4 (NRG4) is one of adipokines family members synthesis and release via adipose tissues, it acts as activator the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).

Objective of the Study: Assessment role of NRG4 in PCOS patients.

Materials and Methods: Present study included 30 PCOS patients with 30 controls, the age individuals of tow group at study were 18 years and above of females. At this study measured serum NRG4 level by quantity method for all study individuals, the body mass index (BMI) also measured for all study individuals.

Results: Present study explain increase of NRG4 level in serum samples and BMI in PCOS patients group compared with control group.

Conclusion: Current study demonstrate role of NRG4 level that act as compensate mechanism in PCOS disorder.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional disease of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that affects 10-20% of the population worldwide and is distinguished by abdominal pain/discomfort and changes in bowel habits that is accompanied by diarrhea, constipation, or both. Control-based study was conducted on 50 Iraqi patients with IBS who were presented at private clinics for gastrointestinal diseases (GIDs), along with 20 healthy individuals matched in their age and gender to act as control group. The study lasted from November 2021 to May 2022 and aimed to determine the frequency of IBS subtypes among Iraqi patients, as well as the influence of several factors on disease’s initiation, type and severity such as age and gender, anxiety, obesity, hematological indices, and secretor status. In comparison with control group, patients showed significant higher frequency of severe anxiety and non-secretor cases particularly in those with IBS-c type. However, BMI, blood groups, and all complete blood count parameters revealed non-significant difference between patients and control groups. Among patients of different types of IBS, results showed that blood group A is highly correlated with IBS-d, and IBS-m patients, while blood type O is highly correlated with IBS-c. Also, platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is significantly associated with IBS types, which is elevated in patients with IBS-c in comparison with other types of disease. It can be concluded that people who are non-secretors and having experience of severe anxiety may be at higher risk for getting IBS. 

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gut disorder that affects approximately 11% of the global population and negatively affects the quality of life of patients and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden. Control-based study was conducted on 42 Iraqi patients with IBS who were presented at private clinics for gastrointestinal diseases (GIDs), along with 20 healthy individuals matched in their age and gender to act as control group. The study aimed to determine the frequency of IBS among Iraqi patients, as well as the influence of biomarkers on disease’s initiation, type and severity such as (IL-1ꞵ, anti- Cytolethal distending toxin B ‘Anti-CdtB’, and histamine). The results showed that constipation subtype of IBS is the most frequent among patients, and females constitute the majority of IBS patients with female: male ratio about 2.23: 1. The levels of IL-1β, anti-CdtB, and histamine are significantly elevated in the serum of IBS patients when compared to their levels in control group. In patients’ group, anti-CdtB showed significant positive correlation with their level of histamine, while correlation between anti-CdtB and IL-1β as well as between histamine and IL-1β are not significant. It can be concluded that anti-CdtB may act as a key player in IBS pathogenesis after disruption gut microbiota which needs further investigation

لوحظ افتقار المجتمع السوداني الى تقاليد سياسية موروثة مؤدية الى اعتماد نظام التعددية السياسية ذات الاطر التعاونية، وبرزت هذه المشكلة خلال فترة الاستعمار العثماني–البريطاني للسودان وما افرزه هذا الارث الاستعماري من حرمان المجتمع السوداني من الحرية والمشاركة السياسية، فمثلا استند تشكيل معظم الاحزاب السياسية في السودان على اسس اثنية قبلية ضيقة، مما ادى بدوره الى فشل هذه الاحزاب في تحقيق ديمقراطية حقيقية تسهم في بناء نظام سياسي رين، وهذا دفع بالمؤسسة العسكرية الى التحرك لاسقاط الحكومات المدنية التي تشكلت عند الاستقلال من خلال سلسلة من الانقلابات، ومن ثم السيطرة على الحكم سيطرة تامة، مما يجعلها (المؤسسة العسكرية) مدر السلطات كافة، الأمر الذي يشكل تحدياً تجاه عملية التحول الديمقراطي في السودان في الوقت الراهن.لوحظ افتقار المجتمع السوداني الى تقاليد سياسية موروثة مؤدية الى اعتماد نظام التعددية السياسية ذات الاطر التعاونية، وبرزت هذه المشكلة خلال فترة الاستعمار العثماني–البريطاني للسودان وما افرزه هذا الارث الاستعماري من حرمان المجتمع السوداني من الحرية والمشاركة السياسية، فمثلا استند تشكيل معظم الاحزاب السياسية في السودان على اسس اثنية قبلية ضيقة، مما ادى بدوره الى فشل هذه الاحزاب في تحقيق ديمقراطية حقيقية تسهم في بناء نظام سياسي رين، وهذا دفع بالمؤسسة العسكرية الى التحرك لاسقاط الحكومات المدنية التي تشكلت عند الاستقلال من خلال سلسلة من الانقلابات، ومن ثم السيطرة على الحكم سيطرة تامة، مما يجعلها (المؤسسة العسكرية) مدر السلطات كافة، الأمر الذي يشكل تحدياً تجاه عملية التحول الديمقراطي في السودان في الوقت الراهن.

لا يمكن استيعاب مفهوم المواطنة،إلا إذا وضع في سياقه التاريخي، فالمفاهيم لا تنشأ من فراغ ولا تنتشر إلا بعد ممارسات وتراكمات فكرية، والمواطنة كلمة تتسع للعديد من التعريفات، فهي في اللغة العربية مأخوذة من الوطن، وهو محل الإقامة والحماية، ومن حيث مدلولها السياسي، فهي “شعور بالانتماء وولاء للدولة ومنظومة حقوق وواجبات كاملة يفرضها هذا الانتماء”.

المواطنة في المجتمعات العربية، وبضمنها العراق في وقتنا الراهن "كمعنى" غائبة، وأهم أسباب غيابها الداخلي، فشل الدولة العربية الحديثة في تحقيق التنمية الشاملة، وضمان حماية قانونية واجتماعية لمواطنيها بأبعادها المختلفة،

فدفع هذا الاختلاف إلى انتشار الإحباط والخذلان لدى شريحة عريضة من المواطنين، حيث ادى انعدام إشباع الحاجات الأساسية للأفراد إلى اللامبالاة على كافة الأصعدة، بل دفع إلى الرغبة في الهروب من الوطن بحثا عن جنسية ووطن جديدين.

إن الأمن المجتمعي يتصدر أولويات الخطط والأهداف الإستراتيجية لدى كل الأمم والشعوب،إذ أنه يعني الحياة والبقاء والإستقرار وفي ظله تتحقق التنمية والإزدهار، وعلى ذلك يحرص القابضون على السلطة في مختلف النظم السياسية المعاصرة على توظيف كل ماهو متاح لإنجاز تلك المهمة وبكل الوسائل والسبل.

   ولكن الإشكالية التي تعترض هذا السبيل تكمن في مدى القدرة على تطبيق سياسات أمنية ناجعة مع مراعاة المحافظة على الحقوق والحريات العامة،وتبدو تلك الإشكالية أكثر تعقيداً في الدول الأقل تطوراً والتي تعاني شعوبها من تدني مستوى الوعي الثقافي وضعف الإنسجام وهشاشة وغلبة الولاءات الفرعية على حساب الولاء للوطن إلى جانب ضعف مؤسسات الدولة وأجهزتها الأمنية،وتلك الإشكالية يواجهها العراق حالياً،فمع وجود تحديات أمنية كبيرة يجد أصحاب القرار أنفسهم بين ضغط الحاجة إلى توفير الأمن وهو ما يستدعي استعمال مظاهر القوة المادية وتصاعد الانتقادات الموجهة ضد تلك المظاهر بزعم إنها تشكل انتهاكاً صارخاً لحقوق الإنسان.

The present study was set to investigate the potential association between the level of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), as a key component of the pro-inflammatory response, with different thalassemia’s biological and clinical features. For this purpose, one hundred fifty blood samples were collected from 100 beta-thalassemia patients, who attended the Genetic Hematology Centre at Ibn Al- Baladi Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, and 50 healthy subjects who were employed as a control group. IL-6 levels were estimated using an ELISA Kit, whereas other thalassemia-related clinical features (such as HbA, HbF, ferritin, blood transfusions, splenectomy status, and the history of frequent infection) were additionally assessed. The results of the present study showed a significant elevation (P≤0.01) in the levels of IL-6 in thalassemia patients as compared to healthy controls (57.7763± 8.94837 vs. 6.3059± 1.90364 pg/ml, respectively). Furthermore, IL-6 plasma levels seem to be influenced by the number of multiple scheduled blood transfusions, with the higher IL-6 mean level corresponding to the more frequent transfusions. Also, splenectomized thalassemia patients showed significantly higher IL-6 levels than those of non-splenectomized patients (61.2687±9.30688 vs. 56.9571±8.71926 pg/ml, respectively).Additionally, thalassemia patients exhibited a significant increase in HbF and ferritin levels in comparison to the healthy controls (57.1430 vs. 0.5020 g/dL and 2813.7000 vs.56.8220 ng/ml, respectively), whereas the levels of HbA showed a significant drop as compared to the control group (26.8118 vs. 96.1340 g/dL). IL-6 plasma levels correlated positively with ferritin levels (r= 0.611, p≤0.0001) and HbF (r= 0.7501, p≤0.0001). However, IL-6 appears to correlate negatively with HbA (r= -0.885, P≤0.0001) in β-thalassemia patients compared to healthy controls. Overall, the present investigation suggests that the levels of IL-6 in β-thalassemia cases seem to be affected by the multiple scheduled blood transfusions and other disease-associated complications, including splenectomy and elevated ferritin levels, which might influence patients’ susceptibility to infections.
Keywords---Interleukin-6, beta-thalassemia, splenectomy, ferritin level, HbF, HbA, blood transfusion

Background: Melanocytes are specialized neural crest-derived cells. They are responsible for hair, skin and eye pigmentation, so they are specialized pigment-producing cells. Melanoblasts are localized in the bulge region of the hair follicle can transform into melanocyte stem cells (MelSCs) or differentiated melanocytes, which produce melanin pigment. It holds promise for functional therapeutic potential and development for the future cell-based therapy of various diseases caused by defective pigment cells like vitiligo. The aim of this study was to isolate melanocyte stem cells from human hair follicle. Methods: The MelSCs CD34+ population was isolated by MagCellect Magnet and assessed for melanocyte stem cell markers by flow cytometry. Results: Results revealed that the isolated CD34+ melanocyte stem cells exhibited higher expression for melanocyte stem cells markers dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) and microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF) and differentiation markers melanocytic antigen (PNL2) and tyrosinase (TYR). Conclusion: the study revealed an efficient method of isolation of melanocyte stem cells. The cells were confirmed for their characteristics by flow cytometry analysis of positive and negative markers. Functional analyses of the isolated cells would further confirm its usage in cellular therapies for treatment of skin pigmentation disorders.

In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) had been prepared by co-precipitation method. In order to reduce their toxicity and increase stability, prepared iron oxide was coated with gum Arabic. Gum Arabic is preferred over synthetic materials due to their non-toxicity, low cost and availability. Characterization of coated and non-coated iron oxide NPs had been performed by spectrophotometer, Fourier transfer infra-red spectrophotometer (FTIR), Zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopic (FE-SEM). The fabricated nanoparticles appeared purity and crystalline nature by XRD, with diameter average of 27.01 nm and 55.12 nm for iron oxide NPs and iron oxide NPs coated with gum Arabic, respectively. On the other hand, four biological activities of coated and non-coated iron oxide had been investigated. High removal of methylene blue pollutant dye (46%) was observed with iron oxide NPs, while removal percentage was 22.6 performed by iron oxide NPs coated with gum Arabic within 72 h. Iron oxide NPs revealed high inhibition zones of 27.5 nm and 30 mm, at 1000 μμg/ml, against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively, while coated iron oxide NPs with gum Arabic revealed low antibacterial activity against both examined bacteria even when used at 1000 μμg/ml. The hemolytic activity of prepared NPs had been determined. The hemolytic percentage was increased whenever concentrations of nanoparticles increased. Lower hemolytic percentages were 69.76 and 50.98 for iron oxide NPs and iron oxide NPs coated with gum Arabic were observed at a concentration of 250 μμg/ml. Finally, cytotoxic activity was estimated against MCF-7 cell line and normal cell line WRL68 by MTT assay. A decrease in MCF-7 viability to 65.1% was observed when 400 μμg/ml of iron oxide NPs was used, while WRL68 viability was 75.03%. Iron oxide NPs coated with gum Arabic revealed significant reduction in MCF-7 and WRL68 viability to 69.90% and 80.05%, respectively, when 400 μμg/ml of nanoparticles was applied.

Abstract

Solution treatment and ageing (STA) is an effective strengthen-
ing method for aþ b titanium alloys. This paper reports the effect
of solution treatment and aging on the corrosion behaviour of Ti-
6Al-7Nb alloy in a simulated body fluid (Ringer’s solution). Ti-
6Al-7Nb alloy is hot rolled in the aþ bfield and subjected to solu-
tion treatment above and below its beta transus temperature
(1283 K). The solution treated specimens are water quenched
(WQ), air-cooled (AC), and furnace cooled (FC) at three different
rates, and subsequently aged at 823 K for 4 h. Microstructural
changes were examined using optical microscopy and phases devel-

oped were analyzed using XRD. The influence of microstructure on
the corrosion performance of the alloys are discussed in detail based
on the Open Circuit Potential (OCP), passive current density and
area of repassivation loop values obtained from the cyclic polariza-
tion study in Ringer’s solution. The passive current density was low
(0.5 lA/cm2) for the specimen with duplex microstructure obtained
for solution treated at 1223 K, air-cooled, and aged, in comparison
with that for as-rolled specimen (1.5 lA/cm2). The corrosion as-
pects resulting from various heat treatments are discussed in detail.

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of Nþ ion implantation on corrosion and phase
formation on the implanted surfaces of Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–6Al–7Nb alloys. Nitrogen ion was
implanted on Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–6Al–7Nb alloys at an energy of 70 and 100 keV, respectively
using a 150 keV accelerator at different doses ranging from 5 1015 to 2.5 1017 ions/cm2.
Electrochemical studies have been carried out in Ringer
s solution in order to determine the
optimum dose that can give good corrosion resistance in a simulated body fluid condition. The
implanted surfaces of such modified doses were electrochemically passivated at 1.0 V for an
hour. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy was used to study and characterize titanium oxide and
titanium nitride layers produced on implanted surface and to correlate them with the corro-
sion resistance. The nature of the passive film of the implanted–passivated specimen was
compared with the unimplanted–passivated as well as as-implanted specimens.

Abstract

In the present investigation, surface modification of Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy with nitrogen ions is
considered as a method to improve its performance with respect to corrosion. Nitrogen ion
was implanted on Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy at an energy of 70 and 100 keV using a 150 keV accel-
erator at different doses between 1
1016 and 3
1017 ions/cm2. Gracing incidence X-ray
diffraction was employed on the implanted specimens to understand the phases formed with
increasing doses. The implanted samples were subjected to electrochemical study in Ringer’s
solution in order to determine the optimum dose that can give good corrosion resistance in a
simulated body fluid condition. The OCP of the implanted specimens were found to shift in
the noble direction in comparison with unimplanted specimen. The passive current density and
area of the repassivation loop were found to decrease as the dose values increased. The
electrochemical impedance spectroscopic results indicate that the polarization resistance was
higher for the dose of 2:5
1017 ions/cm2 implanted at both energy of 70 and 100 keV. Ni-
trogen ion implantation enhanced the passivability and reduces the corrosion kinetics of the
alloy surface with increasing tendency for repassivation. Nature of the surface and reason for
the variation and improvement in corrosion resistance are discussed in detail.
2002 Elsevier
Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

ABSTRACT New simple,  sensitive,  accurate, and  inexpensive  spectrophotometric  technique  has been  developed  for  the  estimation  of Metochloropramide hydrochloride [MCP-HCl] in pure and pharmaceutical preparation.  This technique is based on the diazotization  of a primary amino group of Metochloropramide  hydrochloride  [MCP-HCl] with NaNo2  and HCl followed by coupling  with  p-nitro  aniline  in  alkaline  medium  to  obtain  a  stable  red-colored  water-soluble  azo-dye,  show a  maximum absorption (λmax) at 513. 50nm. Bear,s  low is obeyed in the concentration range of (0.2–25)  µg.ml-1  with molar absorptivity of 2.313×103L.mol-1.cm-1and sandall’s sensitivity  0.0145  µg.mL-2.  The limit  of detection  (LOD) and limit  of quantitative  were 0.182  µg.mL-1and 0.553  µg.mL-1, respectively.  The proposed technique successfully applied to (tablets, syrup,  and injection). Keywords:  Determination, Diazotization reaction, Dosage forms,  Metochlorobromide, Spectrophotometric. International Journal of Drug Delivery  Technology (2020); DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.10.1.11 How to cite this article:  Abd  Alrada  WA, Sulaiman ID. Determination of Metochloropramide Hydrochloride by Spectrophotometric  Method by using Diazotized  p-nitro  aniline  reagent.  International  Journal of Drug Delivery  Technology. 2020;  10(1):68-73.

Abstract

1-dimensional zinc oxide (ZnO) - silver oxide (Ag2O) – silver (Ag) nanowire was prepared using a simple and inexpensive bottom-up chemical method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the presence of diffraction peaks of ZnO and Ag2O with hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) results showed the presence of energy peaks of Zinc (Zn), Silver (Ag), and Oxygen (O) elements. Filed Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) results showed that the surface morphology is nanowire (1-dimensional structure) with shapes similar to hedgehog spines and have small nanoscale diameters. The present work represents a promising step in the preparation of a 1-dimensional nanowire.

We fabricated a superhydrophobic modified ZnO/PVC nanocomposite cluster with antibacterial properties using the chemical precipitation method and selected solvent/non-solvent (THF/ethanol) to PVC. The effects of ethanol content (47%, 50%, 53%, and 56%) on nanocomposite morphology and Water Contact Angles (WCAs) were investigated. XRD measurements confirmed the polycrystalline structure of ZnO with a wurtzite hexagonal phase, and EDX results indicated the presence of all element peaks. FESEM analysis of specimens revealed a rough surface structure resembling a cluster of NPs, and that structure was dominant when the ethanol content increased to 56%. The WCA increased on the superhydrophobic nanocomposite as ethanol content increased, and an optimum WCA (160° ± 2°) was obtained at an ethanol content of 56%. Antibacterial activity was tested on the superhydrophobic and hydrophobic states, and the superhydrophobic specimens showed good inhibition against Klebsiella spp. and Staphylococcus epidermidis. However, the hydrophobic specimens demonstrated no antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis. These promising results can inform the development of nanocomposites for many environmental applications.

Combining photocatalytic and superhydrophobicity characteristics on the same surface remains a challenge. In this work it was overcome that challenge by fabricated Ag/Fe2O3/ZnO heterostructure surfaces via using a simple precipitation method; stearic acid (SA) was then employed to improve the roughness and increase the water contact angles (WCA) of the surfaces. The effects of SA and Ag/Fe2O3 on superhydrophobicity and photocatalytic characteristics were investigated. The wettability measurements confirmed that the WCA of the surfaces increased from 60 ± 2° to 154 ± 2° after modification with SA due to the formation of a hierarchical structure. To evaluate the photocatalytic performance of samples, methylene blue (MB) dye was irradiated under visible light with quick photodecomposition of MB after 80 min of irradiation. Finally, this innovative approach can be utilized to develop scaled-up self-cleaning applications.