The emergence of many free structures in contemporary architecture and the transformation in aesthetics toward complex curved and folded shapes has led to a search for computer-aided design and geometric manipulations using discrete surfaces, which contributed to the creation of complex architectural surfaces that are both simple and economical at the same time. However, it is difficult to achieve such surfaces because of the complexity of representing them in an applicable and executable engineering body  , and the hardship of studying and representing them structurally for they need a set of special engineering programs to obtain the required structural strength. Further, There is aneed for other engineering programs To simplify those surfaces and turn them into applicable ones. Hence, the research problem emerged to shed light on the "lack of a theoretical perception describing discrete surfaces and their role in formation the structure of contemporary architecture." The research initially dealt with the general knowledge of the discrete surfaces, and then extracted the theoretical framework relying on  our knowledge about those surfaces, through presenting and analyzing three architectural examples to clarify the nature of those discrete surfaces and submit the main conclusions, recommendations and sources.

Nature's strategies and solutions represent a significant and rich source to benefit from in creating an architectural composition that corresponds to its structure, which leads to the emergence of unexpected, vibrant, and constantly changing architectural forms due to the continuous development and progress in technology and science. Transformation is one of the strategies of nature that can be used to form the structure of future architecture, characterized by diversity and continuous formal change. Therefore, this strategy must be studied to create an adaptive architectural structure. The research aims to develop a theoretical framework that explains the role of transformation strategy in forming the structure of future architecture. The study thus reviews the basic concepts of transformation and future architecture. Then it presents the mechanisms to achieve transformation in architecture. Indicators of the conceptual framework of the transformation strategy are extracted from the knowledge provided about it. The conceptual framework represents a tool for enhancing the transformation strategy taken from nature to create innovative future architectural structures that look like living organisms, where they can perform adaptation processes and formal diversity.

Technological development is an important element in the development of architecture and works to change the perception of the way buildings are designed, which leads to future horizons to imagine unprecedented architecture, based on the rules of the unfamiliar in architectural forms and the trend towards dynamic forms by taking nature as a source of inspiration in addition to the possibilities of technology For building materials, resulting in the emergence of unexpected, vibrant, and ever-changing architectural forms. Future architecture depends on the use of digital generation tools to form its free dynamic structure, and algorithms are one of the digital tools used today as a tool for generation and structural optimization. Therefore, the research problem of "the lack of a theoretical perception that describes algorithms and their role in shaping the structure of future architecture ". The research initially dealt with the general knowledge of algorithms, and then the theoretical framework for algorithms was extracted through the analysis of several architectural studies, After than, an applied example of the role of these algorithms was studied and analyzed, and then the main conclusions, recommendations and sources were presented.