Application of Sustainable analytical chemistry concepts has become crucial in order to
remove the environmentally harmful impacts originating from the routine use of analytical techniques.
Here, a new LC method is developed and its parameters are analyzed, depending on a mixed micellar
mobile phase. This was primarily aimed at getting rid of the use of organic solvents in conventional
routine analyses. Combinations of tazobactam (TZB) with piperacillin (PPC) or cefepime (CFM)
are commonly used as effective antimicrobial therapies, especially for resistant strains. Therefore,
the three drugs were separated and quantified using an organic solvent-free mobile phase. The
mixed micellar mobile phase was comprised of 15 mM Brij-35 with 38 mM SDS, adjusted to pH 3.5.
Separation was performed by HPLC on monolithic RP-C18 column Chromolith®Performance RP-18e
(100 mm  4.6 mm) at a rate of 1 mL per minute of flow in conjunction with a measurement
wavelength 210 nm. The method was found valid and applicable in accordance of precision, and
accuracy within ranges of 5–100 g mL

Various antidiabetic combinations have recently been used to improve the management of type II diabetes
mellitus. The first time a totally green mixed micellar LC method was used to analyze the biguanide metformin
(MET) in a mixture with two sulfonylurea antidiabetics, glipizide (GPZ) and glimepiride (GLM), as well as
pioglitazone (PGZ) as a thiazolidinedione derivative antidiabetic and repaglinide (RPG) as an insulin secretagogue
antidiabetic. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the method by using central
composite design (CCD). The design space that represents the robustness zone was identified. Analytes were
separated by elution of an aqueous mobile phase containing Brij-35 (12.05 mM) and SDS (76.25 mM) at pH 3.72
on a Symmetry C18 column (75*4.6 mm, 3.5 m) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and UV detection at 225 nm and 210
nm, respectively, for MET and the other analytes. The laboratory mixtures and pharmaceutical products of the
examined drugs were successfully determined using the established method. Using the Green Analytical Procedure
Index (GAPI) and Analytical Greenness Metric (AGREE) principles, the greenness of the created method
was analyzed and compared to previously reported methods. In comparison to previous methods, the new
method was shown to be more efficient and effective.

The quantity of impurities found in drug products determines the final product’s safety. Impurities must thus be
carefully monitored and managed throughout the drug development process. The objective of this study was to
reveal a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for identifying and quantifying serious
nephrotoxic and skin-irritating impurities. Cyanoguanidine (CYG) and melamine (MEL) are in pharmaceutical
products containing metformin hydrochloride (MTF), a widely used oral antidiabetic drug, in combination with
some commonly prescribed oral antidiabetic drugs, namely, pioglitazone hydrochloride (PGT) and glibenclamide
(GBC). Additionally, this study aimed to determine the ternary combination of these antihyperglycemic agents in
a tablet dosage form. The separation and quantification of impurities as well as antihyperglycemic drugs were
performed on a VDSpher Pur 100 C18-E (250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using gradient elution with a mobile
phase consisting of 0.1 M heptane sulfonic acid (pH 2.2) and acetonitrile. A flow rate of 1.5 mL/min was used to
pump the mobile phase. A photodiode array detector (PDA) was used to monitor the ternary mixture with impurities
at 225 nm. The retention times for CYG, MEL, MTF, PGT, and GBC were 1.749, 2.950, 3.640, 5.062, and
7.788 min, respectively. Molecular docking was also used to demonstrate how MEL toxicity could be shown by its
attachment to several of albumin’s known arachidonic acid binding sites. The green analytical procedure index
(GAPI) and analytical greenness calculator reveal that the method is environmentally acceptable. The new
method was tested in terms of its specificity, precision, as well as its accuracy, LOD, and LOQ. The results of the
study were compared statistically to the results of the method that was reported. There was no significant difference
in precision or accuracy

The first licensed polymerase inhibitor, baloxavir marboxil was recently
approved for the treatment of influenza A and B viruses. Furthermore, there
is growing interest in testing the antiviral activity of baloxavir marboxil against
Coronavirus. Despite its critical clinical value, there is no information on the
degradation products, pathways, or kinetics of baloxavir marboxil under various
stress conditions. In this study, a new high-performance liquid chromatographyultraviolet
detection method for accurately quantifying baloxavir marboxil in the
presence of its degradation productswas developed.Astudy of degradation kinetics
revealed that acidic, thermal neutral, and photolytic degradation reactions
have zero-order kinetics,whereas basic and oxidative degradation reactions have
first-order kinetics. The structural characterization of baloxavir marboxil degradation
products was performed by coupling the optimized high-performance liquid
chromatography method to the triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer.
The proposed approach was validated according to the International Council
for Harmonisation Q2 (R1) requirements for accuracy, precision, robustness,
specificity, and linearity. The validated new method was successfully used to
analyze baloxavir marboxil as raw material and its pharmaceutical dosage form,
Xofluza.

Losartan potassium, Valsartan , Telmisartan and Irbesartan are angiotensin-II-receptor
antagonists (ARA II) group which used in treatment of hypertension alone or in combination
with other drugs mainly Hydrochlorothiazide. RP- HPLC method was developed for the assay
of three angiotensin-II-receptor antagonists (ARA-IIs) in presence of Hydrochlorothiazide.
The method was performed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography
using a mobile phase which is consisted of 0.025 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH
6.0): acetonitrile = 65:35% with detection at 220 nm on an ACE C18 column (250 mm ×
4.6 mm, 5 μm) at flow rate 1.5 mL/min in an isocratic manner. The proposed method was
validated according to ICH guidline in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision , robustness, limit
of detection and limit of quantitation.

Losartan potassium, Valsartan , Telmisartan and Irbesartan are angiotensin-II-receptor antagonists (ARA II)
group which used in treatment of hypertension alone or in combination with other drugs mainly Hydrochlorothiazide.
A gradient HPLC method was developed for the assay of several ARAII in presence of Hydrochlorothiazide. The
method was performed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography using a mobile phase 0.025 M
potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 6.0): acetonitrile =80:20% with detection at 220 nm on an ACE C18 column
(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at flow rate 1.5 ml/min in a gradient manner. The proposed method was validated in terms
of linearity, accuracy, precision and limits of detection and quantitation.

Losartan potassium, Valsartan, Telmisartan, and Irbesartan are angiotensin-II-receptor
antagonists (ARA II) group, which used in treatment of hypertension alone or in combination with
other drugs mainly Hydrochlorothiazide. A gradient HPLC method was developed for the assay of
several ARAII in presence of Hydrochlorothiazide. The method was performed by reversed phase
high performance liquid chromatography using a mobile phase 0.025M potassium dihydrogen
phosphate (pH 6.0): acetonitrile¼80:20% with detection at 220 nm on an ACE C18 column
(250mm
4.6 mm, 5 lm) at flow rate 1.5 mL=min in a gradient manner. The proposed method
was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and limits of detection and quantitation

A stability-indicating reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been established for
simultaneous determination of four angiotensin-II-receptor antagonists (Losartan potassium, Valsartan, Telmisartan
and Irbesartan) in the presence of the degradation products generated in studies of forced decomposition. All drug
substances were subjected to drastic condition of stress studies involving hydrolysis by acid and base, thermal
decomposition by heat at 70°C, oxidation by hydrogen peroxide and photo degradation. Losartan potassium and
Valsartan were degraded acidic conditions. Irbesartan was degraded basic conditions. Telmisartan showed good
stability against all stress conditions. Successful separation of the drugs from the degradation products was achieved
on ACE C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with 65:35 % (v/v) potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.025 M, pH
6.0): acetonitrile as a mobile phase at flow rate 1.5 ml/min with UV detection at 220 nm. The proposed method was
validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision and limits of detection and quantitation. Statistical analysis proved
the method enabled reproducible and selective quantification of these drugs as the bulk drug and in pharmaceutical
dosage forms. Because the method effectively separates the drugs from their degradation products, it can be used
as stability-indicating.

Amlodipine besylate is a calcium channel blocker which is used in treatment of hypertension alone or in
combination with other antihypertensive drugs like angiotensin-II-receptor antagonists (ARA II) group (Losartan
potassium and Valsartan) or in combination with anti hyperlipidemic agent like Atorvastatin calcium. RP- HPLC
method was developed for the assay of these drugs. The method was performed by reversed phase high performance
liquid chromatography using a mobile phase 0.01 M ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.5): acetonitrile with detection at
240 nm on a spherical monomeric C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. The proposed
method was validated in terms of linearity ranged between [(2-12, 10-60, 16-96, 4-24 μg/ml) corresponding levels of
20-120% w/w of the nominal analytical concentration] with linear regression equations were [{y=64.627x – 3.6383 (r=
0.9998), y=75.385x – 8.3856 (r= 0.9997), y=64.492x – 25.981 (r= 0.9998), y=70.964x – 28.505 (r= 0.9998}], accuracy
[100.18 ± 1.38, 100.79 ± 0.59, 100.45 ± 0.58 and 100.8 ± 1.69%], precision [99.29, 99.33, 99.30 and 99.30%], limits
of detection [0.03, 0.18, 0.15, 0.007 μg/ml] and limits of quantitation [0.1, 0.54, 0.45, 0.024 μg/ml] for Amlodipine
besylate, Losartan potassium, Valsartan and Atorvastatin calcium respectively. Method validation was developed
following the recommendations for analytical method validation of International Conference on Harmonization (ICH)
and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) organizations.

Abstract