Objective: Metastatic spread of tumor cells to distant organs is the leading cause of mortality from cancer. Although metastatic tumor spread can occur via a different mechanism. lymphangiogenic factors recognized were vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)–C and –D, which bind to a tyrosine kinase
receptor, VEGF receptor (R)–3. Binding affinities to VEGFR-2 receptor increase on the lymphatic and blood endothelium therefore enables both growth factors to also exert lymphangiogenic and angiogenic effects and increased incidence of lymph node metastasis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the VEGF-C protein expression in cervical cancer cells and lymph vessels and found the relationship of this marker with lymphangiogensis of Iraqi cervical cancer samples.
Method: In this study, expression of VEGF-C was noticed in 55 cervical samples by Immuno-
histochemistry. 35 cases diagnosed as invasive cervical cancer in addition to 20 normal samples consider as control. Immunohistochemistry was performed and the cytoplasm level of VEGF-C was scored by the percentage of positive cells and intensity.
Results:
The present data evaluated the prognostic significance of VEGF-C to cervical cancer, cytoplasm staining was seen in 29 cases (82.9 %) in cervical cancer tissues. Only 4 out of 35 cases (11.4 %) displayed cytoplasmic and nuclear tissue. There is significant difference of VEGF-C staining in lymphatic vessels and cancer cells (χ2= 5.04, p = 0.023*) regarding to positive expression (20/ 57.1%), (25/ 71.4 %) respectively and negative VEGF-C staining 15 (42.9%), 10 (28.6 %) respectively. High positive percentage of VEGF-C expression in cytoplasm of malignant cases in score 2& 3 (25.7%, 45.7 %, P-value= 0.0392 *, 0.029* respectively) as compared to normal cases (15%, 30% respectively). Demographic criteria of patients revealed association with VEGF-C expression patterns. Differentiation Well + moderately and histologic type Squamous carcinoma showed significantly associated with VEGF-C (P=0.0071** & 0.0071** respectively). Positive VEGF-C staining in cancer cells had more lymphatic vessel (17/68 %) as compared to negative cases (3/30 %) with Chi-Square 8.263, p value= 0.0061**. Also, positive VEGF-C staining had more lymph node associated (9/36%) compared to negative cases (1/10 %) with Chi-Square 13.503, p value= 0.0001**.

Objective: to identify the expression of DNA repair protein apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in samples of Iraqi cervical cancer patients. Method: expression of APE1 was detected in 55 cervical tissue samples by immunohistochemistry, divided into two groups; 35 cases detected as invasive cervical cancer and 20 cases considered as control. Immunohistochemistry was achieved and the nuclear and cytoplasm-nuclear level of APE1 was counted by taking into account the ratio of positive cells and intensity. Results: Present data evaluated the prognostic and alterations in APE1 expression levels according to cervical cancer, nuclear stain was seen in the epithelia of 35 cases (100 %) of cervical tumor tissues. Only 29 out of 35 cases (82.85 %) shown cytoplasmic and nuclear staining with significant difference (P value = 0.00027) between malignant and normal cervical tissue. APE1 high-level expression was (77.1%) and low expression was (22.8 %) in cervical cancer tissues. Age, differentiation and histologic type showed highly significant difference (P= 0.0062, 0.0001 and 0.0001 respectively) between the high and low expression of nuclear APEX1 expression. While lymph vascular invasion (positive vs negative group) showed a significant difference (Chi-Square 4.362, P value = 0.0422*) between the high (16/59.2%) and low (4/50%) nuclear expression of APEX1, while lymph node (positive vs negative group) showed no significant association (P-value= 0.1476) between the high and low expression of nuclear APEX1. Conclusion: The highly positive expression of APE1 results will help Iraqi patients in their early investigation and diagnosis of cervical cancer as good marker for the metastases of their tumor and help researchers to study the lymphangiogensis status of tumor.

This paper aims to find out if FOXP-3 was expressed in samples from Iraqi
cervical cancer patients. Expression of FOXP-3 was detected in 55 cervical tissue
samples by immunohistochemistry. Since thirty-five cases of aggressive cervical
cancer were included, along with 20 normal samples used as controls. The nucleus
and cytoplasm levels of FOXP-3 were counted, considering the ratio of positive
cells and intensity. FOXP3 cytoplasmic staining was found in 27 out of 35 cases.
Only 11 out of 35 samples displayed nuclear lymphocyte staining. Furthermore, four
samples expressed this marker in both the nuclear and cytoplasm of the cervical
cells. There is a highly significant difference in FOXP3 expression in the cytoplasm
of malignant cells and lymphocytes compared to normal samples. Seven samples out
of 11 cells correlated with lymph vascular invasion. These results show that tissue
positive FOXP-3 possesses a possible diagnostic marker for Iraqi cervical cancer.
FOXP3 is significantly expressed in cancer cells, and lymphocyte infiltrates [T-reg]
compared to normal.

Vaginitis is a disorder characterized regarding to abnormal bad odor vaginal discharge, discomfort , itching, and burning. Bacterial vaginosis, particularly Gardnerella vaginalis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, particularly Candida albicans, and trichomoniasis are the most common causes of vaginitis. When a cause is established, bacterial vaginosis is implicated in 40% to 50% of cases, with vulvovaginal candidiasis accounting for 20% to 25% of cases and trichomoniasis accounting for 15% to 20% of cases. Physical examination , symptoms, , and laboratory testing are used for final identification. Gardnerella vaginalisDNA or vaginal fluid sialidase activity, as well as Gram stain, are now available in newer laboratory assays. A mixture of clinical manifestations, as well as potassium hydroxide microscopy, are used to diagnose vulvovaginal candidiasis. Culture and DNA probe testing are also available. For such diagnosis of trichomoniasis in asymptomatic or high-risk women, molecular approaches (nucleic acid amplification) are indicated. This study aimed to review the most recent knowledge on vaginal infection, with the most common causal agents being bacteria, yeast,and parasitesKeywords—component,formatting,style,styling,insert