The economic condition of Iraq was totally dependent on the oil production and its price fluctuations. The new financial rules and regulations framed in Central Bank of Iraq has given a strategic direction to all commercial banks prevail in Iraq to promote the long term stability and sustainability by introducing the financial policy to open the avenues and opportunities for investments in different industries. The new directives of CBI has established a well-aligned monetary policy with government funding and spending policy. The paper is presenting the insites of the strategic direction of commercial banks in Iraq under the management and monitoring of the Central Bank of Iraq. The paper is proposing the new financial stability framework to manage the commercial banks in Iraq introduced by Central Bank of Iraq. The paper also keenly discussed the strategic plan 2016-2020 which has promoted and encourage the accountability, transperancy and corporate governance throughout the financial sector of Iraq. As a result Iraq has expanded the scope on the financial practices and methods implemented in the banking sector with international standards. This paper has keenly described the insights of Central Bank of India regulations and its implementation methods to foster the prosperity of the economic growth in the country.

يعد موضوع ثقافة المنظمة من المواضيع المهمة ، والتي تم اختياره في هذا البحث للتعرف على واقع ثقافة المنظمة التي تسود شركة صناعات الاصباغ الحديثة وما لهذا المفهوم من دور في تعزيز الاداء الوظيفي من خلال بيان وجود علاقة وتاثير من عدمها وبيان قوة هذه العلاقة وتاثيرها في حالة وجودها ، وقد تم اختيار عينة البحث من المدير المفوض ومعاونه ورؤساء الاقسام ومعاوني رؤساء الاقساء والبالغ عددهم (40) موظف ، تم توزيع عليهم استمارة الاستبيان والمكونه من محورين المحور الاول الخاص بثقافة المنظمة ويتضمن اسئلة تندرج ضمن ستة متغيرات تم تثبيتها وهي (الهياكل المادية ، الرموز ، القيم التنظيمية ، المعتقدات التنظيمية ، التوقعات التنظيمية ، الشعائر والطقوس ) ، والمحور الثاني الخاص بالاداء الوظيفي والذي يمكن الاستدلال على مستواه من خلال ستة مؤشرات تم دراستها في هذا البحث وهي ( الرضا الوظيفي ، الجودة ، الانتاجية ، غياب العاملين ، الابداع ، الوقت ) ، وبعد جمع الاستمارات من عينة البحث ومعالجتها من خلال البرامج الاحصائية التي يحتاجها البحث ، اظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ايجابية قوية بين ثقافة المنظمة والاداء الوظيفي ، كذلك وجود تاثير ايجابي قوي لثقافة المنظمة على الاداء الوظيفي ، هذا وقد اوصى الباحث الجهة المستفيدة من البحث الاهتمام من قبلها بموضوع ثقافة المنظمة وفهمه بالصورة الصحيحة ، والاهتمام بجميع عناصر ثقافة المنظمة وذلك لدورها الكبير والايجابي في تعزيز مستوى الاداء الوظيفي .

Stealth marketing is considered as one of the contemporary issues that researchers have begun to explore as a current understanding. It is the marketing approach used by organizations to promote their products and services to the public in implicit and indirect manner. In this article, the concept of stealth marketing will be discussed throw its advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the different techniques of stealth marketing have been discussed including: viral marketing, celebrity marketing, brand pushers, bait-and-tease marketing, video games marketing, and marketing in music. Furthermore, a new technique of marketing entitled “Marketing through social responsibility” has been added and discussed according to the themes in the past literature that support this view. Additionally, it is suggested to expand the use of marketing in music technique into to the marketing in art. It is concluded that the stealth marketing is a tool that could be added to the promotion mix elements. Lastly, a position for stealth marketing is proposed within mix marketing structure.

The object of this research is to determine the effect of stealth marketing on customer engagement in a group of private universities in Iraq. Stealth marketing has been studied through five techniques: viral marketing, celebrity marketing, brand pushers, Bait-and-Tease Marketing, and marketing through corporate social responsibility. The level of customer engagement was identified through six indicators: Identification, Absorption, Enthusiasm, Attention, Interaction, and advocacy. The research was conducted on a sample of 1146 students of those private universities in Iraq. Questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting research data. By analyzing the data in statistical programs (SPSS V.23 & AMOS V.23), it is concluded that there is a positive effect of stealth marketing in the customer engagement.

المستخلص

تهدف هذه الدراسة الى قياس أثر التغيرات في الايرادات العامة والناتج المحلي الاجمالي, وعرض النقد على الانفاق العام, وقد استخدمت المنهج الوصفي ومنهج الاقتصاد القياسي في بناء النموذج بالاعتماد على برنامج E-Views  في التحليل وفي ضوء ما متاح من بيانات البنك المركزي العراقي ووزارة المالية للمدة 2010-1991 وباستخدام معادلة الانحدار الخطي المتعدد وبطريقة المربعات الصغرى OLS فقد تم التقدير وأظهرت النتائج بأن هناك تأثير ضعيف جدا من الناتج المحلي الاجمالي, وعرض النقد بحسب معلمة ميل كليهما والبالغة على التوالي (0.0004- 0.0453) أما الايرادات العامة فأنها كانت ذات تأثير أكبر منهما وكما أشارت لذلك معلمة الميل والبالغة (0.6572) , وقد تم استخدام معادلة الانحدار الخطي البسيط للتعرف على طبيعة العلاقة بين الايرادات العامة والانفاق العام للمدة قيد البحث, وبأجراء الاختبارات الاحصائية تبين بأن هناك علاقة توازنية في الاجل الطويل للمتغيرين وكما اشار اختبار التكامل المشترك, وأن العلاقة السببية بين المتغيرين ثنائية الاتجاه كما أشارت نتائج الاختبار, كما وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة العمل على تنويع القاعدة الانتاجية, فضلا عن البحث عن مصادر تمويل للأنفاق العام تتسم بالثبات والاستقرار للتخلص من حالة التأثر بتقلبات أسعار وكميات النفط كأهم مصدر لتمويل الموازنة العامة .      
 

Abstract

The study aims at investigating the volatility of crude oil prices in the global market for the period (1990 - 2017). It also aims at estimating the returns of the global oil market and the risks that it faces as a result of volatility in the price of crude oil by using GARCH Models. The study revealed that the average return of volatility of Brent crude prices in the global market is about (1.12%) per month as well as the presence of a risk ratio in the global oil market of about (%0.32).

The study aims at measuring and analyzing the effect of crude oil price volatility on the Iraqi fiscal policy response (1990-2017) using NARDL model. The study found that there is a positive، non-linear، long-term relation between the volatility in the global market and the fiscal policy of Iraq for the enquiry period. It revealed that an (1%) increase in crude oil price will lead to an increase in public expenditures by (%0.650) while a (1%) decrease in crude oil price will lead to a decrease in public expenditures by (%0.628). It also revealed that a (1%) change in state revenues of Iraq will lead to a change in public expenditures by (%0.941). In addition, study found that any shock occurs in crude oil prices will lead to an increase in public expenditures of Iraq to reach its peak after one season. After the passage of six seasons since the shock started، public expenditure will be reached to equilibrium before the shock.

Abstract: With the advent of trade liberalization in recent decades , the hypothesis has drawn wide spread (Export - Led Growth) the attention of explain it and its economic performance, Rate of GDP growth (GDP), exports and imports in Iraq has reached during the period under consideration (2014 - 2003), 14.2%, 18.5%, 27.7%, respectively. This research aims to measure and analyze the relationship between The liberalization of international trade and economic growth in Iraq. The period (2003 – 2014) using ARDL model , This research is derived from a main – hypothesis adopted in this paper is that economic growth in Iraq will benefit from the exports and imports , To achieve this hypothesis ,Annual data is converted to quarterly data; as well as the use of augmented Dickey - Fuller Test , applying ARDL model and tests for the second order tests , applying and error correction model (ECM) , in addition to The Test for Granger causality. The research concluded that there is a long – run equilibrium relationship between GDP and exports and Imports, We also can see a quick response in the GDP when exports and Imports are changing. It also shows that exports have the largest proportion; And exports account for the largest Proportion , The estimated Model Reflects A very high level of quality assessment; This also illustrate the value of the coefficient of determination amounting to (%92) , as well as the fact that the estimated model does not suffer from the problem of autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity , as well as parameters stability as reflected in CUSUM test. The assessment results refered that a(%10) change in exports on the long – run will lead to a(%3.42) change in GDP , ceteris paribus . It also refered that a(%10) change in imports will leads to a decreas in GDP by (%-0.08) , ceteris paribus and this is insignificant because P-value is more than more (%5). This is emphasize by the hypothesis states that “export – lead – growth”.