Abstract: Ciprofloxacin (Cip) is spectrophotometrically identified through the formation of a colored charge-transfer complex that exhibits a maximum absorbance at 440 nm. This complex is generated by the reaction of the drug’s secondary amine with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in an alkaline medium in the presence of hydroxylamine (NH2OH). Classical univariate analysis is employed to optimize the experimental conditions affecting the formation of the charge-transfer (CT) complex. The method presented herein offers a straightforward and sensitive approach for quantifying ciprofloxacin within a concentration range of 50.0–250.0 µg/mL. The method exhibits a molar absorptivity of 364.4817 L/mol·cm and a coefficient of determination (r 2 ) of 0.997. Validation of the method is achieved through determination of the regression equation, accuracy, precision, and detection limit. The procedure is successfully applied to the quantification of ciprofloxacin in pharmaceutical formulations and demonstrates satisfactory recovery and precision. Statistical validation corroborates the reliability and repeatability of the obtained results. 

  Chloramphenicol is spectrophotometrically determined by the formation of a colored charge transfer exhibiting λ_max at 445 nm after the reaction of the secondary amine with sodium nitroprusside in the presence of NH₂OH in alkaline medium. Classical univariate and chemometric central composite experimental design approaches were used to find the optimum experimental conditions for the parameters affecting the formation of CT-complex. The proposed method is simple and sensitive for the determination of the drug in a concentration rage of 1.0-25.0 µg.mL^-1 with molar absorptivity 8.142 x 10³ L.mol^-1.cm. and r = 0.9995. The validity of the method was confirmed by finding the regression equation, accuracy, precision, and detection limit. Chloramphenicol was successfully determined in its pharmaceutical preparations by the developed procedure with a reasonable of recovery and precision. Statistical validation of the obtained results was made and the method shows acceptable recovery and repeatability.

  A simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric method has been developed for the analysis of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in pure form and pharmaceutical preparation. The method involves a direct charge transfer complexation of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in alkaline medium and the presence of hydroxyl amine hydrochloride. Variables affecting the formation of the formed orange colored complex were optimized following two approaches univariate and central composite experimental design (CCD) multivariate. Under optimum recommended conditions, the formed complex exhibits λmax at 512 nm and the method conforms Beer's law for SMZ concentration in the range of 5.0-150.0 (µg.mL^-1) with molar absorptivity 1.139×10³ L.mol^-1.cm^-1, and r = 0.9997. Analysis of SMZ pharmaceutical dosages shows a good agreement with the real amounts.

Crude extract of Anastatica hierochuntica L was analyzed for active compounds and tested for its effect on the body of laboratory mice and their fertility. Data obtained showed that the extract contained saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpens. Test period lasted for a year included 60 mice each time that were divided into 6 groups. Each group was administered orally with 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg of the plant extract, control group positive (vitamin C and E) and control group negative (water and DMSO).  Results of histology examination showed no toxic effect on liver and kidney of treated animal even with prolonged administration, while there is an elevated level of testosterone hormone and an increase in sperm count with increased body mass index of 2%.

Background: Melatonin, a neurohormone produced by the pineal gland, hasrecently been reported in foods, mainly of plant origin. Melatonin provides a number of benefits for human health. It has many important health benefits because it is a potent antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory hormone. Objectives: The aim of this work is to investigate the relationship between malnutrition and food deprivation on melatonin levels in normal individuals in comparison with people suffering from gastrointestinal diseases. This study will focus on the nutritional factors apart from the intake of tryptophan that affects melatonin levels in humans. Materials and Methods: This study reported interests regarding the optimization, validation, and application of analytical liquid extraction and high‑performance liquid chromatography (SYKAM) coupled to a fluorescence detector for the determination of melatonin in rice grains and blood samples. Results: In the presentstudy, the resultsshowed that there were significant differences between the three study groups, where the lowest values for melatonin hormone concentration were found in Group C as 2.033 ± 0.69 pg/mL which includes people suffering from famine, whereas the results of Group B showed clear differences of concentration than that in Group (C) as 3.520 ± 0.62 pg/mL which includes patients who were in hospital suffering from diseases and disorders of the digestive system, but at the same time their values were less than that of the healthy control Group A as 6.457 ± 0.59 pg/mL. Conclusion: Based on the present study, it can be concluded that melatonin hormone levels are highly deficient in people who are suffering from poverty, deprivation, and starvation compared to people with problems and disorders of the digestive system

Abstract

This study proposed to analyze chloramphenicol (CPA), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfanilamide (SNA) drugs by reverse phase liquid chromatography method in the form of pharmaceu�cal prepara�ons and synthe�c mixture. For this method, column C18-ODS (25 cm × 4.6 mm) was used with an isocra�c elu�on mobile phase composed of methanol and 2 % orthophosphoric acid, fluorescent detector (Ex= 310 nm, Em= 440 nm). It was found that the �me of reten�on for CPA, SMX, and SNA 8.99 ± 0.02, 10.76 ± 0.2, and 8.21 ± 0.2 min. respec�vely. The suggested method has been validated for limit of detec�on, limit of quan�ta�on, linearity, Accuracy and Precision. The method is sensi�ve with a detec�on limit (0.016 ppm, 0.044 ppm and 0.184 ppm) for CPA, SMX, and SNA respec�vely. The method accuracy 100.0% and the precision of this method that reflects by Coefficient of varia�on (CV) for the repeats is (0.002, 0.002 and 0.0025) for CPA, SMX, and SNA respec�vely. For rou�ne analysis purposes, this method can monitor the drugs in the ingested pharmaceu�cal prepara�ons.

Abstract

Background: the interaction of human with dioxin and possible outcome from exposure to such compounds was reviewed. Red flag was raised to investigate these compound following media inquiries dealing with assassination of the Ukraine presidential candidate Victor Yushchenko using the most toxic dioxin, tetrachlorodibenzodioxin or TCDD.

Results: Human may be exposed to dioxins following environmental, occupational, or accidental pollutant that when enter the body they are either metabolized then eliminated with different capacity depending on individual’s physiology, health, does been administrated, or can be stored in body fat. Detoxification of dioxins occurs by microsomes enzymes that alter their structure by adding oxygen to lipophilic chemicals in the liver.

Conclusions: Dioxins exert carcinogenic action in human, and other morbidities such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes, and with extend exposure they can disrupt nervous, immune, reproductive, and endocrine system. From the other hand, exposure to high doses within short time cause liver function impairment and chloracne. Deformed fetuses in many births were attributed to dioxins poisoning. Ramifications on health were documented through scientific reports placing dioxins of high toxicity to human.

  Among 65 Streptomyces isolates, only three were confirmed to be sugar reducers by detecting and partial sequencing of cellulase gene and presence of clear zone whene grown on CMC agar.Only one isolate was chosen for further study showing the highest degradation and wide clear zone about 50 mm. This isolate showed similarity of 95% to streptomyces QHHL when 16sRNA sequence data was compared. Temperature and pH were effective factors in cellulase production. Temperature of 40`C and pH of 7 were the optimum to sugar reduction to be 62 ug/ml.

Abstract

The effect of a herbal mixture consisting of (Portulaca oleracea seeds or the so-called berberine, Curcuma, Lepidium sativum seeds and Trigonella) was investigated as a treatment for high blood sugar. Three groups of twenty mice were used in each of these groups. The first part of this investigation was to study the chemical properties of these herbs mixture and appeared to us that this herbal mixture contain the following chemicals Saponins, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Glycosides, Tannins in different proportions. The second part of the investigation concentrated on preparing three groups of mice each with 20 mouse.

The first group of mice that were given alloxan in order to raise the sugar level in them and it was considered a positive control group. The second group, included 20 mice too, they were given alloxan in order to raise the sugar content in them and then they were given a herbal mixture. While the third group, included 20 mice too, they left without any treatment and was considered as negative control group.

It was observed from this study that the first group had an increase in the percentage of glucose and HbA1c, while the second group showed that the percentage of glucose and HbA1c decreased as a result of giving the treatment. While, for the third group, the percentage of glucose and HbA1c remained normal because neither alloxan nor herbal mixture were given (negative control).